International audienceIn contemporary liberal thought, Hayek seems to be completely opposed to Rawls : the first one is an economist known as the theoretician of « the mirage of social justice », the second one is a philosopher, who is the author of « Theory of justice » ; but Hayek can have written that the differences between himself and Rawls are « more verbal than substantial ». In spite of strong opposition between them about paradigm (evolutionism versus contractualism), the paper tries to find elements which might support such an opinion : the steps are quite comparable in the setting of norms (anti-utilitarianism, impartiality, experimentation) and lead to two versions of the same conception of justice in society. These two versions...